Literature in the Dark Ages: the Apocrypha

Educator Rodgers Humanities I November 5, 2010 Literature in the Dark Ages: The Apocrypha The Dark ages is alluded to as such for some reasons there was plague and disorder that hit mankind during this time and individuals lived in dread to give some examples. In any case, one principle reason is the way that very little data exists about this period ever. About all the antiquated basic writings were lost during the Middle Ages. Ruler Flavius Juvianus requested the consuming of Antioch Library.Tons of books were scorched. Agnostic sanctuaries and libraries were plundered or burned to the ground (1). During the Dark Ages the writing by church was delivered and saved more than some other writing. The congregation was viewed as the expert on insight at that point so it was there works that were replicated in the best volume. Ministry accordingly commanded writing during this timeframe. It was in the Dark Ages that there were records of upwards of 200 epistles and records of the life of Jesus Christ that were said to have been written.Only 27 were safeguarded. Of the 193 that were disposed of Claytor 2 a few people believed them to be fiction bits of writing, some regarded them as obvious and to some they were believed to be fake. The compositions that were accepted to have been abused by Christians during the Dark ages are regarded by some as lost profound lessons. Actually a portion of these lessons were found in 1945 and they elucidated the lessons that are recorded in the bible.They talk about a mystery good news of Mark, mystery lessons of John, a record of the Gospels composed by Thomas, the Apocalypse of Paul, just as profound understanding composed by a lady which is called Pistils Sophia. These lessons are by a gathering called Gnostics. Gnostics were Christians whose conviction framework depended more upon information than confidence. Their name is determined the word Gnosis which is profound understanding. They intensely grasped the covered up writings.I t is likely that because of their Criticisms and contrasts with the Roman Orthodox church that individuals from the Gnostic group were singed at the stake and a significant number of their works devastated by the Church. Prior to the disclosure of Gnostic works, our solitary information on extra records of the life and demise of Jesus Christ originated from a letter composed by Church Father Clement of Alexandria (150 AD †211 AD). In the letter Father Alexandria cites this mystery gospel and alludes to it as â€Å"a progressively profound gospel for the utilization of the individuals who were being consummated.  He stated, â€Å"It Claytor 3 even yet is most deliberately monitored [by the congregation at Alexandria], being perused distinctly to the individuals who are being started into the incredible puzzles. (2). It is critical to take note of that while Father Alexandria was a defender of Gnosis, which was an information or knowledge into the endless, he dismissed the i dea as characterized by the Gnostic group. The mistreated works were considered by certain researchers as According to the Early Christian Church the extra compositions of the life of Jesus were viewed as valuable yet were overlooked from records since they weren’t viewed as supernaturally inspired.The accounts were isolated into two classes. They are considered either authoritative or non-accepted. The sanctioned works are those that were remembered for the accounts in the good book. The non-sanctioned were called were viewed as fanciful. The word Apocrypha truly implies shrouded compositions. While the various parts of the early church differ about which works were standard and which were fanciful they all bought in to the conviction that a few compositions were supernaturally propelled by God and others were most certainly not. Inside the fanciful works are records of the early stages of Jesus in which they account the adolescence of Jesus.There are those that give alterna te points of view of the interests and the Gospel of Thomas records numerous maxims of Jesus that are Claytor 4 excluded from the good book. The early Christian church regarded a large number of these works helpful however don't accept all were supernaturally enlivened. There are the individuals who accept the lost compositions are false or fiction works. Some of them that buy in to this conviction have reasoned that, regardless of whether accepted or fanciful, none of the records of the lives of Jesus are true.They accept that by precluding 173 of 200 records of the life of Jesus the congregation demonstrates that it utilized the compositions they chose to only keep up their capacity and control. Edward Gibbon, a student of history whose work has been vigorously reprimanded by the Christian church, composed â€Å"The starting point of these false records was in all honesty the congregation. Gibbon lets us know: â€Å"Orthodox scholars were enticed, by the affirmation of exemption , to create fictions, which must be defamed with the appellations of extortion and fabrication. They attributed their own polemical attempts to the most revered names of Christian relic. Other people who challenge the legitimacy of these works are Christians who trust a few records to be valid yet not others. J. G. Davis, A Christian educator of Theology, wrote in his book The Early Christian Church â€Å"(they are just) another class of writing, conceived for perusing by the steadfast during their relaxation time, and comparing here and there to the books of a later period. † Claytor 5 The mistreated old compositions of Christianity are very controversial.There are practically no realities about the works that are not discussed, differ upon or invalidated somehow or another. What is clear is that there are a few works about the life of Jesus that are either at present in presence or obviously existed eventually ever, in spite of the fact that the quantity of spurious composi tions is questionable. It is likewise sure that these compositions give a record of indistinguishable events from those thought about accepted by the early Christian church. They are firmly related compositions that are recorded in the holy book and considered by Christians as the genuine records of the life of Jesus.Claytor 6 Cited Workshttp://hesitant flag-bearer. com/Lost-Doctrines-Christianity003. htm  The Early Christian Church, p. 83 (1965). History of Christianity, p. 598http://www. gnosis. organization/library/strom2. htm

Consumer Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Buyer Behavior - Research Paper Example She needs the item to be as precisely depicted in her explained audits; if not she’ll need to reevaluate purchasing the brand whenever as there may be better choices in the market. At her age, she is a lady of desire. She is single, and she depicts herself as a free lady who consistently realizes how to do things her way; she is typically the sort of lady who needs to tackle her issues without anyone else. Shopper A’s profession as an administration specialist currently expects her to travel a ton, as her extent of tasks develop through web systems administration and web promoting. When previously, she is a lot of placated with her amazing personal computer, she needs portability now as her work requires her. As a brilliant young lady she seems to be, she realizes she should carry on her PC all the time as opposed to carrying her tablet pc with her. The nature of her work will expect her to purchase a similarly incredible PC that will assist her with taking care of her activity, simultaneously empower her to utilize it by and by. Shopper A will be somewhat of a refined purchaser. As per her, PC is a high hazard buy, both monetarily and inwardly. Hypothetically, as indicated by her, she will supplant her work area with another PC, a ground-breaking PC, as her own tech mate, that is the reason this stances and passionate hazard to her. Because of this, her quest for data is broad. She considers the web the essential medium where she can assemble data. Aside from it, some portion of her dynamic unit, the influencers to her are believable tech bloggers and individuals who have encounters over tech items. She peruses each survey about an item and turns out to be very investigating at whatever point she experiences a negative input about them. Her purchasing conduct, since it presents high hazard for her requires her high association; her data search is an intelligent way

Yellow, Blue, Green, and Red

Yellow, Blue, Green, and Red Maseeh Hall has been my home here at MIT for the last four years, including this year, my final one at this esteemed institute. Not only have I lived in the same dorm for four years but I have lived on the same floor for four years and in the exact same room for three. Despite the fact that most of the freshmen who are placed in Maseeh end up moving out, I have somehow become one of those crusty seniors who still haunts these hallways. In an effort to spice up the recurring blandness of Maseeh’s white, white walls, my roommate and I have taken it upon ourselves to overhaul the room’s furniture arrangement and decorative ambiance. The room is still “under construction”, but I first wanted to give a shout out to an amazing program at MIT that has facilitated our efforts. Through the MIT List Visual Arts Center’s Student Loan Art Program (which I literally just now realized has the coolest and most irrelevant acronym: SLAP), both undergraduate and graduate students have the opportunity to borrow and hang framed, original works of art from MIT’s collection in their room at absolutely no cost. According to the MIT List center’s website, this is a tradition that has been going on since 1969! So how does it work? 1. Gaze in wonder at the 600+ works of art at the Student Loan Art Program exhibition. Yes, that does seem to be a photograph of a human hand with legs sticking out of it. Even if you arent going to borrow anything, or if you dont end up winning the lottery, the exhibition is still a great place to wander through. Its a pretty eclectic collection of photographs, paintings, prints, and other mixed media forms of art, so you never know what youll stumble upon. More art! 2. Ruminate on the intangible, soul-touching beauty of art. 3. Select up to 5 of your favorite pieces that you might want to stare at for the next 9 months. 4. Enter the lottery. This is where you electronically rank your top 5 choices They randomly select students via lottery and when you are selected, they go down your list of top 5 choies and match you with the first one that is available. 5. Receive art! (hopefully). If you win the lottery, you get to go back to the exhibition and take the art youve been assigned straight off the wall. Over half of the art had already been retrieved by the time I popped in to collect my own piece. This was my first year testing my luck in the lottery (only my second year having heard of this program), and I was fortunate enough to get my first choice! The big reveal: gaze upon its abstract magnificence. And yes, this was originally a snapchat (courtesy of Dora 18) that I turned into a gif so, pardon the shakiness. Here is a motionless version of Low Sun by Jack Bush (1971). We haven’t quite gotten around to hanging it up yet (it’s been a busy few weeks) so the framed print is currently inhabiting a cozy corner by the door in our room. Despite this, it still adds a much needed pop of color to our room. The thing about art that I find so amazing is that for most of the day, it just sits there like a rock, quiet and unassuming, but when someone deigns to give it more than just a passing glance, it can transform into something so much more fulfilling and meaningful. I’m not even going to pretend that I understand what is going on in Low Sun, but in the end, that doesn’t really matter. What matters is that when I look at it, I can find some form of enjoyment in the visual experience, and I can find colorful peace in the few stolen moments I have with it out of the exhausting grey blur that many of my days have become. Borrowing and hanging up a single piece of art might seem like a trivial thing in the grand scheme of my time here at MIT, but I think the little things in life deserve recognition too. Art provides an important experience for us all that psets and academic pursuits cannot. Sometimes we get so caught up in our lives that we forget this. That MIT has created a program which facilitates the sharing and daily appreciation of art in our own living spaces is a beautiful thing.

My Oedipus Complex Essay - 1066 Words

The story â€Å"My Oedipus Complex† by Frank O’Connor deals exclusively with a little boy named Larry and his feelings towards his father. When his father returns home from World War II, Larry is resentful and jealous of losing his mother’s undivided attention, and finds himself in a constant struggle to win back her affections. I really enjoyed â€Å"My Oedipus Complex,† because it reminded me a great deal of my elementary school days. My brother Brian was born when I was five, and from that day on there was never a moment of peace in the house. He was constantly underfoot, and after he was old enough, spent all his time trying to sweet talk my mother into whatever it was he wanted at the moment. Kissing her hand and lavishing praise on her†¦show more content†¦Finally, after about an hour of hearing about toy trucks and Ninja Turtles, my mother was tired, and demanded he go to his room and stay there. However, my brother had just turned four, and had recently learned a new trick to gain my mother’s full attention ... without hesitating a second, Brian peed in my future step-father’s lap. Neither Rodney or my mother were very amused, so I stifled my giggles. Although my brother took it to the extreme, I could definitely relate to Larry’s decision to put himself between a ny conversations his parents had. At one point in the story, Larry commented â€Å"While [Father] talked to Mother I played loudly with my toys to show my total lack of concern,† (102) and I pictured my brother doing the exact same thing while Rodney talked. While he never repeated his actions of that first night, he continued to do everything he could to inconvenience any conversations the two had. Another way in which Larry reminded me of my younger brother was his ability to throw screaming fits at a moment’s notice. Larry said â€Å"I ... knew that my principal rights and privileges were as good as lost unless I asserted them at once. As she lifted me, I gave a screech, enough to wake the dead, not to mind father.† (101) Brian asserted his principal rights and privileges on a daily basis, it seemed, and the house was almost never quiet. One of his most memorableShow MoreRelated The Half Brothers By Elizabeth Gaskell and My Oedipus Complex By Frank OConnor2386 Words   |  10 PagesThe Half Brothers By Elizabeth Gaskell and My Oedipus Complex By Frank OConnor These two stories are very different upon first glance. For example one is about a pair of half brothers set in Victorian times and the other is about a small child named Larry who thinks hes a lot wiser then he is. However, if you look deeper you can start to find similarities between the two. They have similar themes, and links can be made between them. A big difference between them is the titles. ForRead MoreMy Oedipus Complex1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe story My Oedipus Complex by Frank OConnor deals exclusively with a little boy named Larry and his feelings towards his father. When his father returns home from World War II, Larry is resentful and jealous of losing his mothers undivided attention, and finds himself in a constant struggle to win back her affections. br brI really enjoyed My Oedipus Complex, because it reminded me a great deal of my elementary school days. My brother Brian was born when I was five, and from that dayRead More Sigmund Freuds Oedipus Complex Essay1355 Words   |  6 PagesOedipus Complex It is the fate of all of us, perhaps, to direct our first sexual impulse towards our mother and our first hatred and our first murderous wish against our father. - Sigmund Freud(Clark, 122) The Oedipus conflict or complex is a concept developed by Sigmund Freud to explain the origin of certain psychological disorders in childhood. It is defined as a childs unconscious desire for the exclusive love of the parent of the opposite sex. This desire includes jealousy toward the parentRead More No Oedipal Complex Found in Hamlet Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pages No Oedipal Complex Found in Hamlet nbsp; Some scholars have interpreted Hamlets actions throughout Hamlet to be the Oedipus complex.nbsp; According to the story of Oedipus, Laius, his father, learned from an oracle that Oedipus would kill him.nbsp; Laius then left his son to die on a mountain, where he was found and raised by the King of Corinth.nbsp; Oedipus was also told that he would someday kill his own father, and fled Corinth because he believed that the King of Corinth was his realRead More Sons and Lovers as Bildungsroman Essay944 Words   |  4 Pagesmother of critical importance, Lawrence uses Freud’s Oedipus complex, creating many analyses for critics. Alfred Booth Kuttner states the Oedipus complex as: â€Å"the struggle of a man to emancipate himself from his maternal allegiance and to transfer his affections to a woman who stands outside the family circle† (277). Paul’s compromising situations with Miram Leivers and Clara Dawes, as well as the death of his mother, display the Oedipus comp lex throughout Sons and Lovers. At an adolescent age, Paul’sRead MoreThe Difference Between Girls and Boys in the Oedipus Complex by Sigmund Freud530 Words   |  3 Pagesimpact the Oedipus complex and Penis envy. Freud studies the consequences and how boy and girls develop and move forward from this phase. It is to say that Freud has a strong point of view about this, and somehow this theory can come as masochism and has been criticizes by many feminist; but I cannot ignore the complexity and how his ideas are proper. But can we used this theories to understand the modernity if the society we live in. The Oedipus complex came to my knowledge in my first semesterRead More The Oedipus Complex in Literature Essays3480 Words   |  14 Pages According to Merriam-Webster online dictionary, the Oedipus Complex is a child’s positive libidinal feelings toward the parent of the opposite sex and hostile or jealous feelings toward the parent of the same sex that develop usually between the ages of three and six and that may be a source of adult personality disorder when unresolved (Merriam-Webster). In Sons and Lovers, Paul Morel demonstrates the classic symptoms of the Oedipus complex. Paul and his father’s relationship is destroyed earlyRead MoreSigmund Freud and His Oedipal Complex832 Words   |  3 PagesIn general, Sigmund Freud and his oedipal complex are among the most often discussed critical theories and argumentative issues found in modern day psychology. Freud’s theory has brought a lot of controversies and has stirred up crazy questions among our close min ded and immature society. I mean, why on earth would a child’s desire be to sleep with their mother and kill their father? To us this seems like a rather far-fetched idea and parents can’t try to accept the fact that perhaps their childRead MoreThe Superego and Hamlet Essays1435 Words   |  6 Pagesdynamics of aggressive destruction in Shakespeare’s tragedies involving revenge. The Freudian superego is usually thought of as heir to the Oedipus complex. In Hamlet himself, hate and destructiveness are consuming passions; the deep movement of superego aggression that motivates revenge carries him towards death. Although I don’t believe Hamlet had an Oedipus complex as Freud suggested, I do believe that Hamlet’s superego, the part of a person’s mind that acts as a self-critical conscience, drove himRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet 1077 Words   |  5 PagesSuperego. The ego, is the conscious part of an individual s psyche that acts as a mediator between the other two theories found in Freud’s model. Hamlet is wound up thinking that he is responsible for the death of his father. Hamlet’s psyche is a complex network of thoughts and emotions that create boundaries and pathways that aid in the analyzation of a situation. â€Å"No, not for a king upon whose property and most dear life A damned defeat was made. Am I a coward?† (A2, S2, P.117) Freud’s model also

The Argument Of God s Existence - 1737 Words

BEST EXPLANATION Does God exist? This question has been in debate for centuries with many opposing views, some arising from philosophers on the same side while others refute Gods existence altogether. However for this particular paper I will be taking the best explanations approach. What I mean by this is I do not have proof of God’s existence but the existence of God is the best explanation for the universe around me. With this statement in mind we will discuss arguments in support of God’s existence as well as philosopher H.J McCloskey’s article On Being an Atheist. Within McCloskey’s article he refers to three well known theist arguments as proofs the cosmological, teleological and argument from design. The Cosmological argument†¦show more content†¦In order for a universe filled with creation, to be formed by anything other than an all-powerful being, is to say that you or I could construct the same creation. Some theorist believe the Big Bang Theory but this would constitute taking time, space and chance and exploding that into everything while subtracting your law of casualty (Wellman, 2012). Also if the universe had just exploded into the state of â€Å"being† then what was it before a â€Å"non-being† (Wellman, 2012)? The Big Bang Theory is lacking what the cosmological argument provides something had to exist you cannot just have existence from nothing. Therefore our universe in order to exist supports the existence of the uncaused all-powerful being. McCloskey’s statement in his article On Being an Atheist â€Å"to get the proof going, genuine indisputable example of design and purpose are needed.† In order for something to be indisputable you have to be beyond question and without a doubt. Theory is not claiming or making the statement that it’s a proven fact. Different from scientific evidence which is fact based. Some of the opposing theories such as Evolution or Big Bang Theory attempt to use science as proof. Although there is no scientific evidence to support these claims again leaving it to theory. No sufficient defeaters have been presented to debunk so to speak the arguments in which we are discussingShow MoreRelatedThe Argument For God s Existence And Nature2146 Words   |  9 Pagesthe orthodox Christian, confronts Philo’s skepticism towards the arguments for God’s existence and nature that have thus far be discussed. Deamea presents a version of the ontological argument that he believes should provide undeniable proof of the truths found in religious dogma. However, Philo is not convinced with this argument because of the nature of the argument. Philo describes Deamea’s ontological argument as an a priori argument. In Latin a priori is means â€Å"from before† but when this termRead MoreDescartes Argument For God s Existence Of God Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pages In this paper, I offer a reconstruction of Descartes argument for God’s existence in the Third Meditation. Descartes tries to prove the existence of God with an argument that proceeds from the clear and distinct idea of an infinite being to the existence of himself. He believes that his clear and distinct idea of an infinite being with infinite â€Å"objective reality† leads to the occurrence of the â€Å"Special Causal Principle†. I will start by discussing and analyzing Descartes clear and distinct ideaRead MoreAnselm s Argument On The Existence Of God934 Words   |  4 PagesThe existence of God is a question everyone asks himself or herself at one point or another. It is always being questioned. In many ways God can be proven to exist by logical arguments and many of these arguments can be disprov ed by a similar logic. The most compelling of the proofs that I have read is Anselm’s Ontological Argument. This argument in many ways has goods points about the conceptuality of truth, ideas, thought and how that translates to reality, but is written by someone who alreadyRead MoreA Logical Argument For God s Existence Or Nonexistence1471 Words   |  6 PagesA logical argument for God’s existence or nonexistence is the cosmological argument. William Craig says in his book that there are three statements that give the cosmological argument form. Craig concluded that whatever begins to exist has a cause. The Universe began to exist therefore the Universe had a cause. What that cause was, is widely challenged. The argument against the existence of God includes the Big Bang Theory. The Big Bang Model is a broadly accepted theory for the beginning and evolutionRead MoreKant And Anselm : Argument For God s Existence1142 Words   |  5 PagesYourFirstName YourLastNameâ⠂¬ ¨Instructor s Name†¨Course Title†¨21 November 2016 Any Topic (Writer s Choice) Kant and Anselm: The Argument for God’s Existence Philosophers have for long debated on the existence of a Supreme all powerful and all perfect God, Kant, and Anselm being among them. Where Anselm has supported the presence of God and all the attributes that regard to the Him, Kant has risen up with a counter argument. The interaction between the two, the philosophical objection raised by KantRead MoreDescartes s Argument On The Existence Of God1834 Words   |  8 PagesDiscourse on the Method, Descartes attempted to prove the existence of God in a priori manner. He did not trust his own senses when trying to prove the existence of God and therefore he relied on the ontological argument. By making the same assumption made by Anselm, which was that an ontological argument assumes that existence is a predicate of God, Descartes is able to conclude that ‘God exists’ is true by definition because the subject ‘God’, who already contains all perfections, already containsRead MoreAnselm s Ontological Argument On The Existence Of God935 Words   |  4 PagesAnselm’s Ontological argument sets out to not only prove God’s existence, but to show that God’s existence is self-evident. Similar to other ontological arguments, it uses a priori knowledge to argue its validity, meaning that the propositions made are derived from internal reasoning instead of sense experience. The argument begins with Anselm defining the term God as â€Å"that, than which nothing greater can be conceived† (pg.26). Although simple, once this term is accepted Anselm believes he has successfullyRead MoreKant And Anselm : Argument For God s Existence1129 Words   |  5 PagesKant and Anselm: The Argument for God’s Existence Philosophers have for long debated on the existence of a Supreme all powerful and all perfect God, Kant, and Anselm being among them. Where Anselm has supported the presence of God and all the attributes that regard to the Him, Kant has risen up with a counter argument. The interaction between the two, the philosophical objection raised by Kant, and what this means to the rest of mankind will be analyzed in this paper. To begin with, Anselm introducesRead MoreClarke s Cosmological Argument On The Existence Of God1648 Words   |  7 Pages Clarke’s Cosmological argument has been around for multiple centuries—the purpose of this argument being to try to prove the existence of God. Although this argument sounds valid—meaning that â€Å"IF premises 1 and 2 are true, then the conclusion must be true† — while many people have accepted this argument, it has also caused a lot of questioning and skepticism, mainly because of what the Cosmological Argument uses to support its argument—the Principle of Sufficient reason. Before determining whetherRead MoreValidity And Effectiveness Of Anselm s Ontological Argument On The Existence Of God1095 Words   |  5 PagesAnselm s Ontological Argument on the existence of God. I will begin by presenting Anselm’s Ontological Argument from the ground up. This includes the argument, basic idea, initial assumptions, Anselm’s definition of god, and Anselm s distinctions which are needed to completely understand the nature of my argument. Furthermore, I will present concepts of logic and define what makes an argument valid, and circular argument because they are necessary for understanding the validity of this argument. Following

The Core of Religion, Art, and Faith Free Essays

The Core of Religion, Art, and Faith When reading both the texts of Georges Bataille and Soren Kierkegaard, the reader is taken on an exploration of humanity. Although approached differently, this humanity is shown to be intimately intertwined with religion by both authors. Bataille studiously delves into the mind of the prehistoric man through his cave art in an attempt to understand and define what it means to be human. We will write a custom essay sample on The Core of Religion, Art, and Faith or any similar topic only for you Order Now The art of this prehistoric man is the art of a consciousness at war with what it is and what it will become. It depicts a duality of identities. On one side the animalistic identity at one with nature and on the other side a creative rational identity that uses nature. This dual-meaning shown in the cave paintings lifts them to more than mere art. It is the visual first step in the transition from the simple to the complex. The cave art served as more than a creative outlet for our human ancestors. It held more of a ritualistic importance. They respected and loved the animals they hunted but also degradingly used them as an instrument for personal survival. Bataille points out that it was in the ritual act of drawing the animal that the hunter created a spiritual connection. â€Å"Everything points to the fact that the carvings or the paintings did not have meaning as permanent figures of a sanctuary in which rituals were celebrated. It seems that the execution of the paintings–or the carving–was itself part of these rituals. . . The nascent[developing] image ensured the approach of the beast and the communication of the hunter with the hunted. † (75) The animals on the cave walls possessed a divine strength in the eyes of prehistoric man and as a result the hunt, and the drawing of the hunt, were a religious experience. Perhaps even the first religious experiences. As a product of the previously mentioned duality present in prehistoric man, the hunter used art as a corporeal representation of their remorse towards their desired prey. â€Å"†¦ for the men of primitive times. . . the act of killing could also be shameful. Many primitive men ask for forgiveness beforehand for the evil that they are about to do to the animal they are pursuing. . For primitive human beings, the animal is not a thing. And this characterizes very broadly all of primitive humanity, for whom ordinary animality is rather divine. † (Bataille 54-55) To Bataille, â€Å"†¦ the world of understanding is to religion as the clarity of day is to the horror of the night. † (122) Religion is an experience undefinable through direct words. Thi s â€Å"horror of the night† is all that is not understood; it is the undefinable, the intangible, the experience that lacks rationality and is based instead on feeling. It is how we explain and give meaning; it is the answer to the unanswerable questions that man has. Religion and art are intertwined in that they are both chaotic tools used by man to gain order over the chaotic horrors of the night. Kierkegaard, on the other hand, arrives at religion through the avenues of faith. To Kierkegaard, the man Abraham in the Bible is the perfect model of religious faith, the very first case in history of a man of pure faith, or as he calls it, a knight of faith. Faith is similar to Bataille’s idea of art and religion in that it can not be clearly defined through words. Faith is an experience; it is the idea that a single individual can have a one-on-one relationship with God that transcends the ethical. Abraham was faced with the dilemma of sacrificing his only son Isaac. Ethically and morally this would be labeled as murder, but through faith it is an absolute duty. This absolute duty is not something that can be shared, it is a private struggle, it is a solitary path to follows God’s command without remorse or doubt.. It is only moments before the murder and sacrifice of Isaac that God stops Abraham and directs him to a ram instead. Through faith, ethics and morality become an entirely different thing. â€Å"He who loves God without faith reflects upon himself; he who loves God in faith reflects upon God. † (Kierkegaard 37) God’s will is the only correct way; what he asks is what will be done even if it goes against what society says is right. The man of the world, or ethical man, follows a different code of conduct. He is moral through and through and has a universal duty to others. He follows the laws and commandments of God for the good of everybody around him. His actions are dictated by cultural norms and given meaning by religious institutions. He is understood and buoyed by his peers. This is precisely the opposite of the knight of faith. Abraham has to do what is ethically wrong to do what is absolutely right in the eyes of God. Both art and faith are passionate pathways connecting with the divine. They give humanity a structure in that they give meaning to our emotions and guidance to our actions. Faith is a marvel, and yet no human being is excluded from it; for that which unites all human life is passion, and faith is passion. † (Kierkegaard 67) Faith was Abrahams way of expressing the inexpressible duty he felt toward God, just as art was the expression of prehistoric man inexpressible connection with the animal. Work Cited Bataille, Georges. The Cradle of Humanity, Prehistoric Art, and Culture. Brooklyn, New York: Zone Books, 2005. Kierkegaard, Soren. Fear and Trembling/Repetition. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1983. How to cite The Core of Religion, Art, and Faith, Papers

Ryan Air Writeup free essay sample

To make money at that fare I would expect that they have a distinctive cost advantage over the current operators, say British Airways and Aer Lingus. Being a small operator I would expect some efficiencies and reduced costs that the other two airlines cannot realize. I would expect Ryan Air to lease its plane as opposed to buying it (as they only have one route, no scale efficiencies from owning their fleet can be realized) that would nullify their depreciation expense and other aircraft costs and their selling effort would be less (only one route). Initially, any expense derived from the fleet size would be less as well (as the 44-seater doesn’t need as much space in the hangars nor intensive usage of the runways as it is a fast take off/take down plane). However, for this case i have decided to leave them equal if they are variable costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Ryan Air Writeup or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Finally, if they manage to increase the utilization rate of its aircraft with relation of British Airways and Aer Lingus, the per-person fixed costs would be less, about a 40% less (increase in utilization from 60% to almost 100%). Some estimation about Ryan Air’s cost breakdown that would ensure a profit can be found in the table above.

Beowulf, The Class Example of An Epic †Literature Essay

Beowulf, The Class Example of An Epic – Literature Essay Free Online Research Papers Beowulf, The Class Example of An Epic Literature Essay The story Beowulf is a classic example of an epic. An epic is a long narrative poem that relates the great deeds of a larger-than-life hero who embodies the values of a particular society. The tone of an epic is serious and uses language that is magnificent. Many elements in Beowulf display the common characteristics of what makes a story an epic. First of all, every story that is an epic has a hero who strongly identifies with a particular people or society. In Beowulf our hero Beowulf identifies with the Anglo-Saxons. One belief they have is bravery. Beowulf and his men exhibit this when they hear of Grendels deadly attacks on Herot hall and henceforth prepare a ship to sail to Denmark. Another one of their beliefs is loyalty towards their family, clan, or kingdom. Their need of loyalty stems from a need to protect one another. Beowulf shows loyalty when he helps the kingdom that his father had served. Additionally, Beowulf displays his loyalty to his people when he states my people have said / †¦that my duty was to go to the Danes / Great king (ll 149, 150, 151) while he is talking to King Hrothgar. Furthermore, the hero in an epic performs great deeds in battle or undertakes an extraordinary journey. Sometimes gods or other fantastical creatures are part of the action, too. Beowulf performs many fantastic feats, including fighting Grendel and then Grendels mom. When he remarks that he hears †¦the monsters scorn of men / Is so great that he needs no weapons†¦ (ll 167, 168) Beowulf announces Nor will I†¦ / My hands / Alone shall fight for me (ll 169, 172, 173). Although Grendel is extremely powerful and dulls all weapons useless, Beowulf is still able to defeat him. In addition, epics use heightened language and their setting is either broad or sweeping. The language usage in Beowulf is incredibly sharp. A good example comes when the author refers to Grendels terrorizing attacks as Twelve winters of grief for Hrothgar, king / Of the Danes, sorrow heaped at his door / By hell forged hands (ll 62, 63, 64). The setting of Beowulf is broad as Beowulf goes many places. He competes against Brecca in the deepest seas then departs to Denmark in order to battle Grendel. Next, he proceeds to Grendels moms terrible home to overcome her too. In his last battle, Beowulf heads to the tower under the rocky cliffs to fight the dragon. In conclusion Beowulf has every aspect of an epic. Without one of them, it would not be an epic. All of these characteristics together contribute to this story classifying as an epic. Therefore, with the above evidence, Beowulf is an epic in every way. Research Papers on Beowulf, The Class Example of An Epic - Literature EssayHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayMind TravelComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsWhere Wild and West MeetCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionBringing Democracy to Africa19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided Era

French Expressions Using Sans

French Expressions Using Sans The French preposition sans means without and is also used in many expressions. Learn how to say homeless, otherwise, barefoot, and more with this list of expressions with sans.sans abrihomelesssans argentpennilesssans attendreright awaysans aucun doutewithout a doubtsans blagueseriously, all kidding asidesans broncherwithout flinchingsans butaimlesssans à §a (informal)otherwisesans cesseconstantly, continuously, incessantlysans-coeurheartlesssans chaussuresbarefootsans culottes~without fancy underwear (reference to militant republicans in the French Revolution)sans domicile fixehomelesssans doutedoubtless, no doubtsans efforteasily, effortlesslysans fautewithout failsans-gà ªneinconsideratesans malwithout any difficultysans mà ªme noun or infinitivewithout even noun or -ingsans mà ¨remotherlesssans nul doutewithout a doubtsans oublierlast but not leastsans pà ¨refatherlesssans plusthats it, no more than thatsans plus attendrewithout further delaysans prà ©jugà ©sunbiasedsan s que subjunctive  Ã‚  Ã‚  for example, sans quil le sachewithout ____ing  Ã‚  Ã‚  without him knowingsans quoi (informal)otherwisesans le savoirunknowingly, unwittinglysans soincarelesssans soucicarefreesans le vin (menu)not including winesans se le faire dire deux foiswithout having to be told twiceles sans abrithe homelessles sans domicile fixethe homelessun/e sans-emploiunemployed personle sans-faà §oncasualness, offhandednessle sans-fautefaultless performance, something impeccableun sans-filcordless phoneun/e sans-gradeenlisted man/woman; underling, peon, small fryles sans-le-southe have-nots, pennilessles sans-logisthe homelessun/e sans-papiersillegal immigrantun/e sans-parti (politics)independentun/e sans-patrieperson without nationalityun/e sans-soin (archaic)careless personun/e sans-souci (archaic)carefree, happy-go-lucky personun/e sans-travailunemployed personles sans-voixpeople with no voiceboire sans soifto drink without being thirstyà ªtre sans argentto be penn ilessjamais deux sans troiseverything happens in threesJy crois sans y croire. I believe it and I dont.non sansnot withoutLesson: French preposition sans

Letter to the Editor Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Letter to the Editor - Annotated Bibliography Example If any sick person may be cured from the hospital then he may get frustrated by viewing the hospital bills. It seems that the insurance companies and the hospitals are jointly aiming for the profit maximization for them. This issue is actually the dark side of these health care insurance policies. The writer in his letter to the editor asks for highlight this issue and then also pin pointing the possible solutions for it. If we talk about the effectiveness of the letter and the selected words then I must say that the letter highlights one of the top most controversial issues of the present times. These insurance companies are actually playing with the emotions of the people. The insurance agents actually force people to buy these insurance policies by portraying a bright and eye-catching future in their minds and perceptions (Brighton 1). The letter clearly identifies the dark side of these health care insurance policies and the advantage to the companies and the hospitals and the problems for the individuals. According to the letter, these insurance agents usually do not clarify the terms and conditions of the policies and then at the time of any incident they may take advantage of it. I must say that it is reality. Sometimes the insurance agents may not clarify and sometimes the conditions are so vague or complicated that the buyer may not clearly understand them. This misunderstanding may create p roblems in the afterwards for the individuals. Usually consumers are compelled to buy any emergency plan and here the physicians are feeling ill to clarify the details conditions of the insurance policy. In this situation, the consumer may not have any other option and just buy the policy, which afterwards create problems. The writer of the letter says that actually the consumer have to pay extra amount for the health care policies which is very much

Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Death penalty - Essay Example Advocates consider it a fair and just punishment and neither cruel nor unusual, quite the opposite; they consider it a fair and ethical punishment. This paper discusses why society feels the need to punish along with the legal, logical, and moral implications of the death penalty. This subject is literally of life and death importance and a major barometer for establishing the collective conscience of the American culture which is behind its European cousins on this as well as other moral and ethical issues such as health care, drug laws, education and gun control. Punishment Why We Punish Historically, the justification for punishing lawbreakers has been to â€Å"avenge the crime, to protect society by imprisoning the criminal, to deter that person and other potential offenders from the commission of crimes and to obtain reparations from the offender† (Wolfgang, 1998). Throughout recorded history, this reasoning has not changed much. The four main reasons the justice system p unishes criminals can be categorized by two main rationales. One is to obtain desired results which are deterrence, protecting society and seeking compensation. The other, retribution, involves punishing for crimes committed on humanity. Retribution is simply a fancy word for revenge. The need for revenge is one of the lowest forms of human emotion, a condition that is understandable in many circumstances,  but is not a rational response to a serious situation. â€Å"To kill the person who has killed someone close to you is simply to continue the cycle of violence  which ultimately destroys the  avenger as well as the offender. That this  execution somehow give 'closure'  to a tragedy is a myth.† (Schroth, 2008) Justifying Death Those who think that vengeance is a justification for continuing the death penalty usually point out the Old Testament reference of ‘an eye for an eye.’ Aggressive behavior must be met with equally aggressive forms of punishment . Interestingly, people who quote this Biblical passage to justify their position of using the death penalty is either intentionally ignoring or never read one of the most popular quotes in the Gospels of the New Testament. Jesus recalls the ‘eye for an eye’ reference and clearly rejects the statement before asking his gathered followers to ‘turn the other cheek’ instead. On the weight of that quote alone, all Christians should be strongly against the death penalty. However, the ‘eye for an eye’ excuse is still widely employed by people today. Those who adopt this viewpoint are certainly correct when they say that using the death penalty guarantees that the convicted murderer will not kill again. Additionally, the death penalty is the ultimate preventative measure. Persons opposed to capital punishment consider all life to be sacred and should be respected. Putting a murderer in prison for life with no possibility of parole is adequate punishme nt, is less expensive and achieves the desired result of segregating the person from society, forever, the same as the death penalty. By any religious or philosophical interpretation, legalized revenge is wrong and in the end more destructive to the fabric of society and its value system than was the crime itself. The decision to impose the death sentence is more of a cultural difference than one based on religious beliefs. Christians in America are generally in favor of the death penalty while their

The Postmodernism Of The White Noise English Literature Essay

The Postmodernism Of The White Noise English Literature Essay While the cultural and sociological landscape of White Noise is situated primarily in a postmodern world, the town of Blacksmith, the city that the Gladneys call home, seems to occupy a space between modernism and postmodernism. The intrusion of technology, a factor which is often attributed with the end of modernism and the beginning of postmodernism, in Blacksmith is described by Jack when he says Babette and I and our childrenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦live at the end of a quiet street in what was once a wooded area with deep ravines (4). Here, technology has transformed the physical and historical landscape of the town in such a way that makes the notion of progress, in regards to the progress of nature, a trope for society, impossible, a defining characteristic of postmodern existence. Old Man Treadwell is yet another example of the tension between modernity and postmodernity within Blacksmith. Treadwell, symbolic of the towns history, its modernity, has Babette read tabloids to him once a week. Within White Noise, tabloids represent the postmodern certainty of information and it is only through Babette, an interpreter of sorts, that Treadwell is allowed access to the new world and the new language of information. Understanding Blacksmiths transformation from a seemingly pastoral town to a modern city full of shopping malls, homes, and a host of other technological advancements is important in that it helps, in part, to understand how Jacks historical sense of self, possibly an extension of the town in which he has lived in for twenty-one years, is at odds with the new postmodern world. More so than any character within White Noise, Jack, much like Blacksmith, exists between the cultural divide of modernism and postmodernism. While he maintains an acute awareness of the eternal and the immutable (HARVEY #), the greater forces at work outside the sphere of existence, he is also overly infatuated with the object rather than the subject, that is to say, his sense of identity is the product of consumerist behaviors and goods. After Wilder, Jack and Babettes youngest, suddenly stops crying after a seven-hour long fit, Jack says It was as though hed just returned from a period of wandering in some remote and holy placeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a place where things are said, sights are seenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦of the most sublime and difficult dimensions (79). Here Jack is acknowledging the existence of otherworldly, interpersonal realities, a strong indicator of his modern sentiments given that one fundamental characterization of modernism is the power it bestows on the individual to crea te, improve, or reshape his or her environment, a la Wallace Stevens. During the Airborne Toxic Event, Jack describes the sight of the chemical plume as an enormous dark mass that moved like some death ship in a Norse legend (127). Later, when speaking of Babette, he says When she shoveled snow, she wore a furry headbandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦it made me think of the fifth century A.D. men standing around campfires speaking in subdued tone in their Turkic and Mongol dialects (171). In both instances, Jack, lending himself to the modernistic value of looking to the past to understand the present, seems to suggest that he is aware that life, and all of the images, situations and occurrences that comprise it, existed, in some fashion, before him, an idea that directly contradicts the shallow, superficial sense of time and place associated with postmodernism. However, this notion of Jack as strictly a modernist is complicated early in the novel by his addiction, in every sense of the word, to ob jects and goods. When Jack and Babette run into Murray at the supermarket, Jack immediately begins to list the contents of Murrays shopping cart. He mentions the generic food and drink, the nonbrand items, the white packaging and simple labeling (18). His fixation on the objects that Murray is buying is directly related to his own sense of identity, one that is enveloped in a matrix of material goods, and so he searches for clues relating to Murrays identity, Murrays character, not within Murray himself but from the objects associated with Murray. While Jack is aware of the utter shallowness which constitutes his identity, and subsequently everyone elses, saying I am the false character that follows [my] name around (17), he is unable to remove himself from the depths of consumerism. This obsession, in large part, is due to Jacks struggle and overwhelming desire to participate in the emerging postmodern world. Another characteristic of Jacks which highlights his modernist sensibilities is his understanding that certainty, or the notion of absolute knowingness, is subjective, and as such, should be questioned and critically examined whenever it is presented as entirely established. For example, when Babette is reading horoscopes aloud to the family, which, like tabloids, operate within the novel as mediums of absolute certainty, Jack thinks to himself I tried not to listen when she got to mine (18), implying that he does not worry himself with trivial information that has become so pivotal, so meaningful, in the new era of postmodernity. However, Jack and his subjective notion of certainty are constantly at odds with the emerging culture and society of the novel. Throughout White Noise the most emblematic illustration of Jacks struggle to maintain his opposition to the idea of total certainty while trying to become an active participant in the new postmodern world is through various interactions between Jack and his son, Heinrich. Heinrich, in both his youth and his vast array of knowledge, represent the first generation of the postmodern world. While the other children, like Heinrich, have grown up in a hermetically sealed environment comprised entirely of technological and mass-media influences, Heinrich is old enough to understand the postmodern world around him and as such he rebels against the notion of modernism. While, for instance, Jack and his family gather to watch the sunset, one that occurred before the Airborne Toxic Event (after which point the sunsets are described as being postmodern), Jack says Only Heinrich stayed awayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦he believed there was something ominous in the modern sunset (61). Jack is aware of the disco nnect between his son, a product of postmodern life, and himself, someone who still appreciates modern sunsets. While it may be read as an attempt by a father to connect with his son, Jacks numerous attempts at communication with Heinrich within the novel serves as a microcosm to Jacks attempt to communicate in the new cultural plane of postmodernism. In a conversation with Heinrich regarding the weather, the two banter back and forth about whether or not it is currently raining. After a series of sharp counters between the two, Jack taking the subjective position (look at the windshieldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Is that rain or isnt it), Heinrich taking the objective position, or the idea of a media controlled collective subjectivity (Im only telling you what [the radio] said), the two arrive at the root of Heinrichs postmodern ideology. Jack, obviously frustrated by his failed attempt to participate in Heinrichs world, tries to coax Heinrich into admitting that it is in fact raining by presen ting a situation in which a gun-toting man demands the truth to which Heinrich replies What truth does he want? (23). The preceding conversation centers around Heinrichs notion of language and relativity in regards to the notion of truth, or reality, in which the text seems to convey the notion that mass-media derives its power in the postmodern world by being acclimated to an individuals immediate desire for knowledge. Heinrich exudes information, Jack actively seeks it; the tension here exemplifying one of the largest barriers standing between Jack and Heinrich and, more importantly, between Jack and the new postmodern world. As Jack progresses within the novel it becomes increasingly evident that while he recognizes the allure of objectness and the materialized notion of identity, in other words, postmodernism, he seems unable to wholly participate in it. More so than any other character, Jack is sensitive to the friction between the worlds of modernism and post-modernism. While he grasps the motives of the postmodern man to exist within the collective social network, saying to become a crowd is to keep out death. To break off from the crowd is to risk death as an individual, to face dying alone (73), he also constantly questions the role of the new social ideology in regards to truth, knowledge, certainty, and simulation, notably observed in his interactions with SIMUVAC personnel where he questions the importance placed on simulations rather than subjective reality, or experienced reality. However, as momentum builds in his urges to break free from the understanding of postmodernism and exist within in it while maintaining his modernist awareness, his interactions with Vernon Dickey, his father-in-law, complicate his attempts to be a passive member of the object-centric, postmodern culture. From the idea that an individual has the power to create, improve, and reshape their environment to the importance of creative destruction, or the notion that in order to make something new, the old must be abandoned, destroyed, or disassembled, Vernon, in stark contrast to Jack, embodies modernism. Saying that he is shingling here, rustproofing there, his hands described by Jack as scarred, busted, notched and permanently seamed with grease and mud, his attention fixed on trying to spot something that needed replacing or repair (245), Vernon is very much in control of his environment; reshaping it, building it, creating it. Jack, however, views himself against Vernon as fundamentally useless, mentioning that it put Vernon at an advantage to talk about gaskets and washers, about grouting, about the things that built the world (245). Vernon, of course, recognizes the difference between himself and the postmodern world, asking Jack were people this stupid before television? (249). Whil e Jack, to some degree, shares this sentiment, his desire to participate in the postmodern separates himself from Vernon, from modernism. Of creative destruction, Vernon, again contradictory of Jack, is not afraid of death. In fact, Jack notices that Vernon takes on a sardonic pleasure in his own hacking and spasms, chronic coughs that, either from smoking or old age, or both, suggest a progression towards death, a progression towards something new: the afterlife. In these instances, Jack realizes that his previous notion of existing within postmodernity as a passive modernist is unattainable given the fact that in the face of modernism, Vernon, he does not recognize the image of himself that is reflected. This realization propels him towards his decision to be what Murray calls a killer rather than a dier, that is to say, someone who acts in the world instead of simply being acted upon; in other words, he refuses to be an object within the postmodern world who simply succumb, accep t, and absorb. Jack, while no longer the fragmented modernist he once was, maintains his ability to examine and scrutinize, thus deciding for himself that the path of surrender and inaction required in the postmodern world is unacceptable and so, in what will lead to the climatic encounter with Willie Mink, Babettes sexual liaison, he decides to become a subject, a killer, and heads to Iron City with the purpose of murdering Willie. Jacks encounter with Willie Mink, the physical embodiment of post-modernism itself, is an allegory which speaks to Jacks resolve to overcome, with respect to himself, the seemingly impenetrable and nonparticipatory nature of the postmodernist world. However, Jacks interaction with the insensible, lobotomized Willie ultimately undermines his meaningful resolve to defeat postmodernism due primarily to the fact that Willie proves to be too strong in his objectness. Adorned with Budweiser shorts, the first indication of his physical personification of post-modernism, Willie drones out TV phrases and indecipherable riddles, saying some of these sure-footed bighorns have been equipped with radio transmitters (306) and the pet under stress may need a prescription diet (307). Like the diers described by Murray, Willie simply disarms and absorbs Jacks attempts at communication and dispatchment. The postmodern aura, or the collective unity of information, materiality, technology and knowledge, proves too powerful to be measurable and overcome by Jacks common standard of logic, reason, and discernment. So overwhelming, in fact, was the realm of postmodernism which existed within both Willie Mink and the motel room itself that it began to consume Jack. He says things began to glowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the air was rich with extrasensory materialà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[Willie] appeared to grow more vividà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦things in their actual stateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦white noi se everywhere (309-310). Overwhelmed and frightened, Jack puts into action his meticulously overstated plan to kill Willie, the last-ditch effort to obtain the subjectness and authenticity that he felt would be realized by surmounting postmodernism. However, Willie, and the aura of postmodernity, again dispels Jacks attempts by literally absorbing the gunshot in his gut. Jack, overcome with disappointment and frustrated in the face of the inevitability of defeating Willie, then recognizes the fundamental impossibility of bridging the gap between subject and object, between modernism and postmodernism, between himself and the new world. Instantly, Jack, for the first time in the novel, sees the world as it truly is: The extra dimensions, the super perceptions, were reduced to visual clutter, a whirling miscellany, meaningless (313). Ultimately, Jack learns that the most important aspect of existence is being able to step back from the cultural frays of modernism and postmodernism, of subject and object, of reflection and criticism and certainty, in order to understand the rationality which gave rise to them in the first place. When one exists outside the realms of either movement, as Jack does at the end of White Noise, the beauty of being reveals itself in the mysteries of not knowing what comes next, what came before, or what forces drive our existence. Certainly there is awe, it is all awe, it transcends previous categories of awe, but we dont know whether we are watching in wonder or dread, we dont know what we are watching or what it means, we dont know whether it is permanent, a level of experience to which we will gradually adjust, into which our uncertainty will eventually be absorbed, or just some atmospheric weirdness, soon to pass. (324-25)

Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay

Human nature is the psychological and social qualities that characterize humankind. Human nature separates humans from the rest of the animal kingdom. The underlining theme of human nature is evident in Great Expectation by Charles Dickens use of his characters. A main characteristic that Dickens displays is friendship. The friendship between Pip and Herbert is strong. Herbert was significant to Pip’s growth in social class and eventual to his revelation. â€Å"Friendship was one of the human characteristics Dickens enjoyed†¦by associating fellowship with good characters and deeds, he made it known that he admires friendship.† (MacAndrew 168) Herbert aided Pip when he first came to London and made the transition an easy one. Herbert helped filled in the blanks for Pip when he was lost. Herbert saved Pip’s life when Orlick tried to kill him. When Pip needed someone to turn to Herbert was always there. In return of Herbert’s friendship Pip also helped him. Pip used the money he was getting from Magwitch to finance Herbert dream of becoming a business owner. This was a true friendship that did not falter throughout the novel. Friendship is one of the few good characteristics that Dickens indicates throughout the novel. Dickens goes beyond the bond of friendship to the bond of love. Herbert was not the only person that assisted Pip. Joe was another component to Pip’s success. Joe had deeper feelings then friendship towards Pip. Joe loved Pip like they were brothers. Joe was a simple, honest, hardworking man. Joe was a model of the man everyone should try to be. Joe was there in the beginning for Pip when he was getting picked on by Tickler or being â€Å"brought up by hand† by Mrs. Joe. Although Pip turned his back against Joe he was there in the shadows. Joe as simple as he was knew that Pip was leaving him behind. â€Å"Not wishing to intrude I have departed fur you are well again dear Pip and will do better without.† (Dickens 439) Joe knew that he would only be holding Pip back he felt like he was a burden to Pip. Joe was following the notion if you love something you should set it free. Even though Joe didn’t have much he paid Pip’s debts because of his unconditional love for Pip. Joe tried his best to protect Pip and not to bother him. This unconditional love that Joe employed over Pip became essential for Pips growth. Another good human characteristic that Dickens expresses is generosity. This came from the most unlikely person, Magwitch. Magwitch help Pip like a father type would. Magwitch is one of the characters that play a role of a parent. â€Å"Look’ee here, Pip. I’m your second father. You’re my son—more to me nor any son. I’ve put away money, only for you to spend.† (Dickens 329) Magwitch had the same love for Pip as Joe did. Magwitch did not care about his money, but instead he cared about Pip’s happiness and his dream. Magwitch was a convicted criminal that made Pip dreams come true. Although he was a convict he was morally good. He did everything he could to help Pip become the man he is at the end of the novel. â€Å"Lord strike me dead!’ I says each time—and I goes out in the open air to say it under the open heavens—‘but wot, if I gets liberty and money, I’ll make that boy a gentleman!’ And I done it.† (Dickens 351) Magwitch was the secret benefactor that was founding Pip’s journey. The generosity that Pip showed Magwitch left such impact he swore that he would repay Pips generosity. One act of random kindness change Pip’s life forever. Magwitch generosity towards Pip went far beyond the generosity that Pip showed him. Magwitch generosity did not go unnoticed by Pip though. Near the end of the novel Pip return the generosity by helping Magwitch. Dickens did not only show the positives of human nature, but also the negatives. One of the negative characteristics that Dickens looked at was cruelty. â€Å"Dickens believed the darkest facet of human nature was cruelty. He created many characters who displayed this moribund characteristic†¦by creating dark characters, Dickens made the reader disgusted with them.† (The Saturday Review 69) Dickens used a span of characters from the protagonist to minor characters to demonstrate cruelty. This was vital to Pip’s and Estella revelation because it show them there immature ways. Pip experience cruelty first hand from the very beginning. Pip’s childhood memories are frightening for him because of the torment he received from Tickler and Mrs. Joe. Joe could only protect Pip so much, but he could not save him from everything. Pip was not so kind towards Joe as Joe was to Pip. Estella was another cruel character because she did not have a heart towards men. She would use her beauty to make men fall in love with her, but would not return the love . She did not have any affection because it was driven from her at a very early age. Dickens displayed this tactic of cruelty not only in Estella, but also in Compeyson. Compeyson the man that was supposed to married Miss Havisham was a self-centered man. He tricked Miss Havisham to fall in love with him, but when he had access to her money he left on their wedding day. Compeyson also tricked Magwitch. Compeyson and Magwitch were arrested together, but Compeyson organize a plan that got him seven years in jail while Magwitch got fourteen years. The pain that Compeyson left to Miss Havisham and his manipulation of the sentence hearing gave birth to monsters seeking revenge. Dickens use of cruelty brings to life another bad human characteristic, revenge. The cruelty that Compeyson inflected lead Miss Havisham to seek revenge. Tainted from her one experience Miss Havisham distrusted all men. Miss Havisham played the other role of being a parent. She adopted Estella solo based on concept that all men were like Compeyson. Miss Havisham is the one who created Estella to be this heartless creature. Estella was one of Miss Havisham pawns in her plan of revenge. â€Å"Estella doesn’t play into her games anymore and makes her own living with Drummle†¦Miss Havisham tries to control Pip and seduced him into the thoughts of being with Estella forever.† (Chesterton 199) Pip was the other pawn that Miss Havisham was playing. â€Å"But when I fell into the mistake I have so long remained in, at least you lead me on?† said Pip â€Å"Yes, I let you on.† Miss Havisham replied. (Dickens 334) Miss Havisham convinced Pip to think that Estelle was his soul mate knowing Estella would never return the love. Miss Havisham spent the rest of her life on obtaining revenge on men. Like Miss Havisham, Magwitch sought revenge. Compeyson was also the reason behind Magwitch plan to seek revenge. Unlike Miss Havisham, Magwitch wanted direct revenge on Compeyson. Compeyson also used Magwitch for his own personal gain. This obsession leads to Magwitch unhappiness. When Magwitch achieves his goal of revenge he does not gain happiness, but rather despair. Dickens demonstrations of revenge go against any notion that revenge is good, but rather we should forgive those who trespass against us. Ungratefulness was a part of the collection of negative human characteristics that Dickens expressed. When Pip grows in social class he is ungrateful towards those below him. Pip tries to forget past and where he came from. Pip’s remarks in page 89 â€Å"Estella would consider Joe, a mere blacksmith: how think his boots, and how coarse his hands.† He treats Joe and Biddy like they are beneath him, but they are morally better people. â€Å" He rejects the love that like those Joe and Biddy offer, and he feels he will not see himself as worthy, unless he meets the approval of the cold and haughty Estella† (Whipple 381) All Pip cares for is himself and his goals. Instead of staying with Joe while he was in town he rented a room at the blue boar. Pip wanted no part of his old life and did not want it interrupt his new life. â€Å"Could have kept him away by paying money, certainly would have.† (Dickens 217) Even when Joe extended his hand to help Pip he was so superficial at the time he ignore him. Pip forgot all the things that Joe did for him. Pip became ungrateful during his transformation. Pip conflict was self-inflected with his dream of becoming a gentleman. Charles Dickens demonstrates the aspects of human nature throughout his novel Great Expectations through the use of his characters. Dickens also illustrates the positives and negatives of human nature. â€Å"Suffering has been stronger than all other teaching, and has taught me to understand what your heart used to be. I have been bent and broken, but – I hope – into a better shape.† (Dickens 453) Pip and Estella turmoil was self-inflected. They faced many hard ships, but only when they grasp the idea on what truly matters in life will they find their bliss. Bibliography Areview of â€Å"Great Expectations,† in the Saturday Review. London, Vol. 12. No. 299, July 20, 1861, pp. 69-70 Brattin, Joel J.. Dickens Quarterly, Sep2012, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p285-287, 3p. (Book Review) Brown, James M. Dickens: Novelist in The Market-Place. Totowa, NJ: Barnes and Noble, 1982. Chesterton, G.K. â€Å"Great Expectations,† in his Appreciations and Criticisms of the Works of Charles Dickens, E.P. Dutton & Co., 1911, pp. 197-206 Cohen, William A.. Critical Insights: Great Expectations, 2010, p215-268, 54p. (Literary Criticism) Gold, Joseph. Charles Dickens: Radical Moralist. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota P, 1972. Kirk, Neville. Labour and Society in Britain and the USA. London: Scholar P, 1994. Levine, Caroline. Critical Insights: Great Expectations, 2010, p128-146, 19p. MacAndrew, Elizabeth. Critical Insights: Great Expectations, 2010, p161-176, 16p. (Literary Criticism) Mittleman, Leslie B.. Masterplots, Fourth Edition, November 2010, p1-4. (Work Analysis) Author Name: Dickens, Charles Tobin, Mary Ann. Critical Insights: Great Expectations, 2010, p55-67, 13p. (Literary Criticism) Whipple, Edwin P. â€Å"Reviews and Literary Notices: Great Expectations,† in the Alantic Monthly, Vol. VIII, No. XLVII, September, 1861, pp. 380-382. Great Expectations by Charles Dickens Essay The relationship between Pip, Estella, and Jaggers is going through much growth throughout the story. Pip’s and Estella’s relationship is very similar to as when Pip was just a common boy, and there is not much hope for the relationship to become real. Jaggers also has and will have much influence on the lives of Pip and Estella. The relationship between Pip and Estella is not getting much better and there is not much hope in it, the main reason being that Estella still treats Pip the same as when he was just a common boy. Estella explains that she has no heart and cannot feel emotions, which is from the quote â€Å"You must know†, said Estella, †¦Ã¢â‚¬ that I have no heart -if that has anything to do with my memory† (223). Estella, because she says she has no heart, will not have any feelings for Pip even if she grows to be a gentleman. This show’s how there is not much hope in their relationship, because Estella will never have love for Pip. Estella also still calls Pip â€Å"boy† which is shown from the quote â€Å"You silly boy,† said Estella quote composedly, â€Å"how can you talk such nonsense† (248)? Estella still calls Pip â€Å"boy†, as if he was just a common boy, even though he has become more a gentleman. This shows how Estella’s attitude for Pip has not changed and probably will not change, which does not bring much hope to their relationship. Another example is when Estella allows Pip to kiss her, just like she did before; shown from the quote â€Å"Will you never take warning? Or do you kiss my hand in the same spirit in which I once let you kiss my cheek† (250)? Pip responds by kissing her, and this shows how Pip is only allowed to kiss her when she tells him he can, even though he has become a gentleman. Their relationship has not seemed to become better because of this, and almost seems as if they are puppets, only doing what Miss Havisham wants them to do. Pip’s and Estella’s relationship overtime has not improved because of Estella’s view that Pip will always just be a common boy to her, and another reason being that she says she does not have a heart. Jaggers has and will have much influence on the lives of Pip and Estella in different ways. One way he has influenced Pip’s life is by becoming his guardian and fulfilling many of his needs, such as in the quote â€Å"I’ll go round presently, and pay our friend off† (228). Pip said he does not like  Orlick working at Miss Havisham’s, so Jaggers pays him off. This has influenced his life by allowing him to think that he could get anything he wants, now that he is wealthier and has Jaggers, who is a powerful man in society. Another way Jaggers has influenced Pip is by giving him advice on which tutor to pick, shown in the quote â€Å"I don’t recommend him, observe; because I never recommend anybody. The gentleman I speak of is one Mr. Matthew Pocket† (130). Jaggers has influenced Pip’s life by suggesting a suitable tutor, who Pip becomes very good friends with. Estella’s life has been influenced by Jaggers, one way being that he did something so now they feel an awkward presence towards each other. This is shown at when they are at Miss Havisham’s estate having dinner, where they avoid making eye contact with each other. Jaggers is a very influential man to Pip and Estella, which impacts both of them in many ways. The relationship between Pip, Estella, and Jaggers is going through great changes and growth. Pip’s and Estella’s relationship throughout the story has mainly stayed the same, as Estella has no care for a serious relationship and treats Pip like he was still a commoner. Even though Estella discourages the relationship, Pip wants to be in one with her even more. Jaggers influence on Pip has grown as he has much influence on him by giving him advice as his guardian.

Shortcuts to Research Essay Proposal Mla Style Samples Only the Experts Know

Shortcuts to Research Essay Proposal Mla Style Samples Only the Experts Know An individual should realize that every Research Paper is a sophisticated writing because it must contain distinctive research and distinctive idea. Sampling Method The research sampling method which will be utilised inside this study is random sampling to get a more scientific result that could be employed to symbolize the entirety of the populace. It has to contain enough information about the study for a different researcher to implement it. It's a synopsis of what the research intends to accomplish. You may have a look or download any sample abstract for a research proposal that fits with your field of research. An invalidated questionnaire is going to be utilised to collect the principal data necessary for the study. Nowadays you have the simple outline you'll be able to follow. To summarize its importance, if you desire a prosperous research project, you want to compose a fantastic proposal for it. The Appeal of Research Essay Proposal Mla Style Samples APA style recommends your title isn't any more than 12 words in length. If you have to shorten your title, decide on the keywords. Title ought to be centered. The title is the initial thing that describes your paper. Get the Scoop on Research Essay Proposal Mla Style Samples Before You're Too Late Even in case you have necessary data, it can be pretty tricky to present it in a proper systematic manner in line with the rules of formalization. For a qualitative strategy, the method part of your proposal should be more detailed and elaborate when compared to the one in quantitative strategy. Ensure you cite your charts and graphs from different sources using the appropriate formatting style. Aside from giving an appropriate structure, you have to remember how important the formatting is. You must include the crucial questions and their approaches to tackle the issue in a theoretical or doctrinal style. A paradigm is a style of thinking which is based on a particular set of assumptions. The guiding paradigm is going to be the constructivist paradigm. Have detailed understanding of all of the research methodologies to justify your approach to the research issue. Type of Research Essay Proposal Mla Style Samples If you do need a great dissertation, it's wise that you obtain a fantastic example dissertation paper from a trustworthy source, including a friend or a relative. In such a way you will not just acquire an ideal research but will also be in a position to back it in front of your professor! Annotated bibliography might look like the simplest thing to do, considering its short format. Another way to acquire an ideal paper is to employ the help of an academic writer. Our writers can manage any paper no matter the essence of the discipline. It goes without saying that a crystal clear outline is important in regards to literature and writing. In order to be successful within this type of assignment, you've got in order to absorb and understand the subject of your paper, along with get an easy, clear vision of your upcoming writing. The Research Essay Proposal Mla Style Samples Stories Thus, it's imperative for marketers to comprehend the usage of social networking among teenagers who comprise a greater fraction of social networking users globally. There are two methods to cite your sources. In real essence, the fashion business is among the most trending industries in the social networking platforms, and hence a lot of the Internet users who have social networking accounts are in a position to attach with the fashion industry as a digital industry. In fashion business, marketers require the customer retention through promotion of classic items to a wide assortment of persons. What You Don't Know About Research Essay Proposal Mla Style Samples If you'd like to bring a quotation to your proposal, you aren't required to supply a citation or footnote of the source, although it's generally preferred to mention the author's name. You must include de details of research limitations before you finish the document. Typos, spelling mistakes and bad grammar casts a negative effect on the professor. They don't locate all errors and at times label correct material as erroneous. The Demise of Research Essay Proposal Mla Style Samples As much as possible, keep away from these topics because chances are, plenty of students will do the exact same thing hoping to have the ability to write something great. It might look like a dreadful endeavor and especially for the students that are new to this. Some students simply don't have sufficient knowle dge for a definite job. The majority of the students struggle to find information about how to compose a research proposal and spend tons of money when hiring other people to finish the task. One of the main issues a research proposal should address is the vital agenda supporting the undertaking, reasons for the research and methods to apply to accomplish your objective. Research proposal example locate a research proposal example to address your academic issue. It is crucial to frame the research question when writing the proposal. In the event the research question isn't specific and has a rather general literature review, then your proposal might appear insignificant.

How Deviant Behavior Affects Society - 1894 Words

Deviant 1. How Deviant Behavior Affects Society Deviant 2. Abstract: This paper focuses on the causes and effects of deviant behavior in society. People are not born delinquent, this is a learned behavior developed through societal effect and cause. Deviance is a socially influenced or affected behavior. This paper explores the reasons deviant behavior occurs, offers examples of deviants effects on society in many different ways and proposes that the effects of deviant behavior, which often start in childhood, at the familial level, have long lasting far stretching effects that endanger society, or harm society, more so than what is apparent at first glance. Furthermore, this paper concludes that more treatment in earlier years or†¦show more content†¦If the fact that you are poor, broke, in a single family, and so forth, can cause patterns that cause a person to behave in a delinquent manner for years to come, affecting society for years, can simple peer pressure, bullying, childish ignorance inflict wounds that do not heal and affect societ y in a negative way for many, many years? â€Å"The behavior of one’s peers is a robust correlate of delinquency: studies consistently find that individuals who engage in delinquency also have peers who engage in delinquency. This relationship has typically been explained as the result of conformity to norms operating within an individual’s peer group, implicitly assuming that individuals accurately perceive the norms of their group. This assumption is challenged by research documenting systematic errors that occur when Deviant 6. estimating norms. While a large literature explores how misperception influences behavior, few studies have systematically modeled the effect of misperception. To address this lack of research, estimation of norms in peer social networks is investigated using 1,046 respondents from two waves of the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement (NSCR) School Project. A model is proposed where delinquency results partly from theShow MoreRelatedChapter 6 Study Questions Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pages1. Define deviance. How does this definition differ from how sociologists define deviance? Deviance is behavior or characteristics that violate important social norms. The difference between how the dictionary defines deviance and how sociologist define deviance is what may be deviant in one place, at one particular time, may not be deviant in another place and time. Basically with times changing something may or may not be tolerated as acceptable behavior. 2. What is situational devianceRead MoreThe Definition Of Labeling Theory And Deterrence Theory1116 Words   |  5 PagesIn society, we have â€Å"norms†, social laws that everyone is expected to abide by whether we prefer to or not. Society tells us what we can and cannot do, what we can and cannot wear, and who it is considered acceptable to speak to. Unfortunately, once you have been pinned by society as different, it is hard to stray from the label that people know you by. Even after seeing someone else make the wrong decisions, it is easy to have mixed emotions and decipher from what is right and what is wrong. LabelingRead MoreDeviance And Its Effects On Society And Influences Behaviors1612 Words   |  7 Pagesmorning. You go for a run, come home and get ready for a long day of work. In a deviant world waking up at twelve in the afternoon, cooking pancakes, eggs, and bacon, eating, leaving the kitchen a mess and going back to bed is acceptable. Deviance is the violati on of norms or what people might consider ordinary. What some may consider deviant may not be considered deviant to others. Everyone is considered to be deviant because we all occasionally do things that aren’t normal. Some don’t even haveRead MoreThere Is A Wide Array Of Theories About The Cause Of Crime1102 Words   |  5 Pagesdeviance occurs in society. Biological theories involve the concept that an individual’s biological makeup and predisposition influences whether he or she will participate in deviant behavior. An individual’s genetic predisposition plays a crucial role in his or her behavior. James M. Henslin, author of Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach, states that advancement in biological explanations has discovered correlation between sex, race, social class, and age in deviant behavior (201). Firstly, oneRead MoreSociological Approaches Of Mental Illness1367 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals who portray qualities of what we may consider as people with mental illness, where their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors violate own or others expectations (the violation of social norms). This sociological approach is frequently debated where the individual is being conceptualized as either sick or deviant which then reflects on their deviant behavior. Deviant behaviors should not determine whether someone is mental ly ill or not. There are individuals who are mentally sick, such as pedophilesRead MoreDeviance Is A Violation Of Social Norms1637 Words   |  7 PagesDeviance is a label for an action or behavior that violates social norms. Social norms are rules or expectations which usually guide members of society. Deviance is nonconformity to these norms. Social norms can vary from culture to culture and is defined in numerous ways. Many researchers believe that deviance is a violation of social norms. Some believe deviant behavior is breaking the law or acting in a negative manner. Sociologists use specific words to classify deviant actions from a sociological perspectiveRead MoreWhat is Deviance? Essay1646 Words   |  7 Pagesconformity to the social norm. Not all deviant behavior is necessarily illegal or harmful to individuals, these behaviors can range from standing in another’s personal space to murdering another individual. In some cases, it can be looked upon as a positive c hange or a unique and favorable act. Although, considered deviant because it is not the social norm, it still can have a very positive social aspect or lead to social change. Culture and the societies within these cultures have a significantRead MoreDeviance And Alcoholism : A Socially Constructed, Communicated, And Learned Deviance1540 Words   |  7 Pagesefforts taken by the societies to control it. This requires deep understanding of its nature, causes, effects and other encouraging factors. Alcoholism has been perceived as a medical problem since it could be treated, but recent concepts label it as a social deviant behavior. This paper will discuss about the alcoholism as a socially constructed, communicated, and learned deviance problem rather than a biological cause. This will be achieved through a description as a deviant concept against anyRead MoreDeviance And Social Control Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pagesto develop a complete understanding of the two ideas. Specifica lly, the goal is to identify factors that directly impact deviance and social control and if one can exist without the other. These topics provide a better understanding of the human behavior and actions because of social control and societal norms. The focus of this discussion is to provide a detailed analysis of societal norms, deviance, and social control. I have used supporting research and my own personal ideas to develop the findingsRead MoreSocial Control Theory Essay1247 Words   |  5 Pagesthe field of criminology in its attempt to account for rates in crime and deviant behavior. Unlike theories that seek to explain why people engage in deviant behavior, social control theories approach deviancy from a different direction, questioning why people refrain from violating established norms, rules, and moralities. The theory seeks to explain how the normative systems of rules and obligations in a given society serve to maintain a strong sense of social cohesion, order and c onformity to